Teste reduz em um terço probabilidade de ter cancro do intestino (NHS)

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/22/new-screening-test-cuts-bowel-cancer-risk-study

Citando:
"A one-off screening test being introduced across the NHS cuts the risk of developing bowel cancer by a third, a long-term study has found.

The test, which is being rolled out across England, will invite men and women to have bowel scope screening around the time of their 55th birthday.

This is in addition to the current test from the age of 60, the faecal occult blood test (FOB), which is posted to people’s homes.

FOB detects blood hidden in small samples of faeces, with further tests recommended if blood is detected."

O exercício torna-nos mais jovens ao nível celular (DNA, Telómeros)

DNA Aging: Exercise Makes You Younger at the Cellular Level | Time.com

Citando:
"The more exercise people get, the less their cells appear to age. In a new study in Preventive Medicine, people who exercised the most had biological aging markers that appeared nine years younger than those who were sedentary.

Researchers looked at the telomeres from nearly 6,000 adults enrolled in a multi-year survey run by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People were asked what physical activities they had done in the past month and how vigorously they did them. They also provided DNA samples, from which the researchers measured telomere length. Telomeres, the protein caps on the ends of human chromosomes, are markers of aging and overall health. Every time a cell replicates, a tiny bit of telomere is lost, so they get shorter with age. But they shrink faster in some people than in others, explains study author Larry Tucker, professor of exercise science at Brigham Young University.

“We know that, in general, people with shorter telomeres die sooner and are more likely to develop many of our chronic diseases,” says Tucker. “It's not perfect, but it's a very good index of biological aging.”"

Gene associado a distúrbios do cólon

https://stv.tv/news/east-central/1388531-scientists-find-key-gene-in-incurable-bowel-disorders/


Citando:
"The gene, known as MDR1, governs an important extractor system for toxins in the gut, removing damaging substances from intestinal cells, scientists said.
A research team, led by the University of Edinburgh, showed that MDR1 function was lower in people with inflamed IBD compared with those without inflammation.


Experts then showed that mice without MDR1 had faulty mitochondria, parts of the cell known as "batteries", which play a vital role in energy generation and cell health.
This mitochondrial dysfunction then resulted in colitis, inflammation of the inner lining of the bowel - a defining feature of IBD."

Vinho e atraso nas doenças neurodegenerativas

https://uk.news.yahoo.com/exactly-wine-good-brain-scientists-173603780.html

Citando:
"They say past studies have shown that low-to-moderate intake of wine can delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s but wanted to investigate the reasons behind it.

So instead of examining wine directly, they looked at metabolites – the compounds that are left after the wine has passed through the gut.

The scientists then added these metabolites (extracted from waste samples from regular and moderate wine drinkers) to human cells under stress conditions resembling the initial stages of some neurodegenerative disorders.

In their experiment, they found that these metabolites were actually protecting the cells from dying.

According to the study, different intestinal flora – the microorganisms in your digestive tract – created different metabolites.

So basically, the gut bacteria influenced whether or not wine broke down into these protective compounds, suggesting that drinking a glass of pinot noir does not guarantee you will reap neurological benefits.

“Differences in our gut microbiota are leading to the different metabolites – which underpins the idea that humans benefit from food in different ways,” Dr Adelaida Esteban-Fernandez said."

Como ganhar força em qualquer idade

A partir dos 18, the only way is down, como é sabido. Bem-vindo ao clube. Mas há exercícios para todas as idades para de alguma forma compensar a perda "programada" de massa muscular e força.

Algumas ideias para ganhar força em todas as idades:

How to build strength at any age


Ages 35-60

(...) this is the period when you are most likely to put on weight, as your metabolism slows, and your job becomes more sedentary.

"Start with some fast-walking, 20-30 minutes twice-three times per week to get some fitness. Progress to a gym membership and consider hiring a personal trainer to get you back into doing the right exercises for you. Spin classes, Zumba, and veterans sports are all good at this age for strengthening the body. Be aware of early onset arthritis. Gentle exercise will help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength, helping to minimise the onset of joint stiffness and osteoarthritis."

Ages 60+

Exercising when you're over 60 is tougher, as the muscles will start to atrophy (waste away) if you don't use them. (...).

"One of the easiest ways to strengthen the legs is to balance. Stand on one leg for two minutes, and use a wall or table for support. Repeat twice each side and do this once per day. If you can comfortably perform this exercise, try doing it with your eyes shut for 2 minutes holding on to a wall for support. Balancing is fantastic to build strength in the thighs, buttocks, calves and also helps core strength. Strengthening exercises such as body weight exercises and resistance exercises are a great way to improve bone density, and muscle strength. This has two benefits when it comes to falling. First having strong muscles will help prevent falls. Second, having strong bones will help prevent a fracture if you were to have a fall."

The most common fracture sites are the wrist, hip and spine, all of which are very common in the elderly. Indeed, it's thought that roughly one in three over 65s suffer a fall each year - previously estimated to cost the NHS £4.6 million a day. With this in mind, prevention is key."
(...)

2. Strength train

Don't be afraid to strength train. Strength training can involve body weight exercises to start with. It might be as simple as a press-up against a wall, or a sit-down squat on a chair. As you progress, body weight exercises can become more challenging like performing a kneeling press-up, or a plank, and you don't even need a gym."

O que comer o que não comer (cancro)

Q&A relembrando algumas coisas e falando de alguns mitos e estudos relacionados (sem ligação para os estudos):
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4464402/What-eat-avoid-beat-cancer.html

Exercício físico em jejum melhor para perder peso?

Com as devidas ressalvas (ver citação) o exercício parece ser mais benéfico (para perder peso) é o realizado de estômago vazio:

Why exercise might be more beneficial on an empty stomach

Citação:

"The scientists took blood samples after fasting and the high carb breakfast and then after exercise. They also took adipose (fat) tissue samples immediately before and one hour after the walking exercise.

They discovered that the expression of two genes (PDK4 and HSL) significantly increased when the men fasted – but decreased when the men ate a high-calorie breakfast before they exercised. The increase in these genes suggested that fat was used to fuel the exercise, instead of the food consumed at breakfast.

Dylan Thompson, corresponding author of the study explained that this fat tissue often faces competing challenges. After consuming food it is busy responding to the meal and "and a bout of exercise at this time will not stimulate the same [beneficial] changes in adipose tissue. This means that exercise in a fasted state might provoke more favorable changes in adipose tissue, and this could be beneficial for health in the long term."

Although the study supports previous research, it is worthwhile noting the study sample was small and only looked at overweight men."