Novo composto protege contra UVA (mitoiron claw)

http://www.techtimes.com/articles/170872/20160722/new-sunscreen-compound-offers-cellular-level-protection-against-uva-rays.htm

Citando:
"Numerous sunscreens are available in the market today but most of them protect well only against UVB rays, leaving UVA protection limited. This is problematic because UVA rays penetrate deep into the skin, causing damage at the cellular level.

To address this issue, researchers have uncovered a compound that can be added to sunscreens that offers unexpectedly strong protection against UVA exposure, particularly within the cell where most of the damage related to UVA occurs.

Concentrations of free iron are highest within the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell. However, free iron turns into a catalyst for toxic reactive oxygen species when exposed to UVA, facilitating damage to cellular components that lead to increased risks of cancer and cell death.

The custom-designed iron chelator called mitoiron claw that the researchers developed attaches to iron atoms like a claw (hence its name), safely binding excess free iron and keeping them from reacting once exposed to UVA rays.

The researchers carried out tests involving human skin cells exposed to UVA at a rate equivalent to 140 minutes of uninterrupted sun exposure and saw that mitoiron claw-treated cells received complete protection against cell death."

Protectores solares para crianças?

Alguns protectores solares (para crianças) não protegem como deviam ou contêm produtos tóxicos:

http://www.techtimes.com/articles/208431/20170527/for-clarification-here-are-the-most-dangerous-sunscreens-for-your-kids.htm

O report:
2017 Guide to suncreens:
http://www.ewg.org/release/ewg-2017-guide-safer-more-effective-sunscreens

Citando:
"Among these sunscreens on the EWG's list, 12 were scored negatively because of three things: retinyl palmitate, oxybenzone, and an SPF level of over 50+. Five of them were placed on the list because of their spray format that do not provide a thick, even coating and potentially expose children's lungs to toxic chemicals, while two were scored negatively because apart from the questionable formulation, their labels also have a different SPF value compared to EWG's estimates.
(...)

HEALTH

Here Are The Most Dangerous Sunscreens For Your Kids

By Athena Chan | May 27, 2017 04:59 AM EDT

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Infants and children are more susceptible to sun damage. Placing SPF labels and hazardous ingredients into consideration, here is the EWG's list of the most dangerous sunscreens for your kids. (Photo : Joe Raedle | Getty Images)

Though sunscreens are a staple part of protecting our skin from prolonged sun exposure, experts are wary about mislabeled products or those with toxic ingredients, as well as the health hazards that come with them. Here are the top 14 worst sunscreens according to a report.

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2017 Guide To Sunscreens

Last May 23, the EWG released their 11^th annual guide to sunscreens. In the report, they also released information about the current sunscreens on the market. What they found was that almost three-fourths of sunscreens in the market either poorly protect the skin, or have toxic ingredients that can cause negative effects on more sensitive skin.

Along with the guide, the EWG also listed the sunscreens that are deemed as the worst scoring sunscreens for kids. The products they rated for this matter are only those that have the words "kids," "baby," "pediatric," "children," or "little" on their labels, and not those simply with images of children on their packaging.

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Further, they emphasize that the Food and Drug Administration does not have any additional requirements or even a set of criteria that would differentiate sunscreen products that are marketed for children.

Here is the list of the EWG's worst scoring sunscreen for children:

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• Banana Boat Kids Continuous Spray Sunscreen, SPF 100 (10)• Banana Boat Kids Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 100 (10)• Coppertone Foaming Lotion Sunscreen Kids Wacky Foam, SPF 70 (7)• Coppertone Sunscreen Continuous Spray Kids, SPF 70 (7)• Coppertone Sunscreen Lotion Kids, SPF 70 (7)• Coppertone Sunscreen Lotion Water Babies, SPF 70+ (7)

• Coppertone Sunscreen Stick Kids, SPF 55 (7)

• Coppertone Sunscreen Stick Water Babies, SPF 55 (7)

• Coppertone Sunscreen Water Babies Foaming Lotion, SPF 70 (7)

• CVS Health Children's Sunstick Sunscreen, SPF 55 (7)

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• Equate Baby Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 70 (7)

• Neutrogena Pure & Free Baby Sunscreen, SPF 60+ (10)

• Neutrogena Wet Skin Kids Sunscreen Spray, SPF 70+ (7)

• Up & Up Kids Sunscreen Sticks, SPF 55 (7)

Among these sunscreens on the EWG's list, 12 were scored negatively because of three things: retinyl palmitate, oxybenzone, and an SPF level of over 50+. Five of them were placed on the list because of their spray format that do not provide a thick, even coating and potentially expose children's lungs to toxic chemicals, while two were scored negatively because apart from the questionable formulation, their labels also have a different SPF value compared to EWG's estimates.

The Issue With Sunscreens

The question of the effectiveness and usefulness of sunscreen products revolve around a number of factors. For one thing, the EWG stresses that higher SPF ratings do not necessarily mean a better protection factor.

In fact, they state that the term is limited to UVB ray protection which only protects the skin against sunburn. The label does not extend to UVA rays which go deeper into the skin and speed up skin aging, cause skin cancer, and suppress the immune system.

What's more, the labels claiming to have higher SPF labels are likely misleading because due to the FDA's cap on the amount of active ingredients in a product, most sunscreens have essentially the same concentration of avobenzone, which is the main ingredient that is used to protect skin from UVA rays.

Essentially, what the EWG found is that many of the sunscreens in the market today can protect the skin from sunburns, but not from skin aging and possible melanoma.

Another problem with the use of sunscreens with higher SPF ratings is that they give people a false sense of security regarding the amount of sun exposure they have, leading them to stay under the sun for longer amounts of time.

Another matter of importance is the amount of potentially harmful ingredients in sunscreens. Forty percent of sunscreens in the market this year contain oxybenzone, an active ingredient in sunscreens that can penetrate the skin and into the bloodstream where it will act like a hormone disrupter and can cause allergic reactions. Also, retinyl palmitate, a form of vitamin A, may speed up the development of skin tumors and lesions on sun-exposed skin."

Saúde mental em jovens e vida na cidade estudada

Viver na cidade e com problemas com vizinhos aumenta o risco de psicoses em jovens?
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/may/23/city-living-teens-greater-risk-psychotic-experiences

Citação:
"It drew on the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, in which 2,063 18-year-olds in England and Wales were asked whether they had had any psychotic experiences since the age of 12, including delusions, hallucinations or concerns that their food had been poisoned. Just over 30% of the teens reported at least one psychotic experience over the period.

Once factors including family psychiatric history, socioeconomic status and alcohol or cannabis dependence were taken into account, the odds were 43% higher for adolescents living in very urban settings – such as cities like London or Birmingham – than for rural teens.

Further analysis revealed the effect was at least in partly down to low levels of social cohesion, meaning poor relationships between neighbours, and high levels of neighbourhood disorder."

Não julgar os alimentos apenas pelo conteúdo calórico (Paradoxo Francês)?

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4533174/Don-t-judge-food-based-solely-s-nutrients.html

Citação:
"Cheese does not cause substantial heart disease despite its saturated fat levels
Chemical reactions occur within food when it is eaten with other products
The benefits of food cannot be calculated based on its individual nutrients
Cheese and almonds are high in fat but this appears to pass through the gut

Eating plenty of cheese is healthier than you think and does not necessarily increase your risk of heart disease, cancer and diabetes, according to new research.

Researchers looked into the 'French paradox' where a high cheese consumption is not linked to increased heart disease."

Álcool e cancro da mama?

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4532240/One-small-glass-wine-day-raises-breast-cancer-risk.html

Citação:
"Even following safe drinking guidelines of 14 units a week could endanger health
Daily glass of wine raises risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer by 5 per cent 
Also raises risk of post-menopausal breast cancer by 9 per centc.12,000 breast cancer cases could be prevented per year if noone drank alcohol"

Restrição calórica é uma má maneira de perder peso (starvation mode comprovado)?

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4533692/Starvation-mode-DOES-exist-Brain-stops-burning-fat.html

Citação:
"There has been much debate over whether 'starvation mode' - the idea that the body slows metabolism and conserves energy when you follow a low calorie diet - is fact or fiction.

Now a study may help explain why restricting calories can be an inefficient way to lose weight.

Cambridge University scientists have discovered that key brain cells act as a trigger to prevent us burning calories when food is scarce.

'Weight loss strategies are often inefficient because the body works like a thermostat and couples the amount of calories we burn to the amount of calories we eat,' says lead author of the research Dr Clémence Blouet.

'When we eat less, our body compensates and burns fewer calories, which makes losing weight harder.'

We have known that the brain must regulate this caloric thermostat, but how it adjusts calorie burning to the amount of food we've eaten has been 'something of a mystery', Dr Blouet said."

Ai as estatinas (e os ataques cardíacos - NOT)!

Batalhando e voltando a dar, as estatinas tomadas para o colesterol e, por vezes como prevenção de ataques cardíacos afinal parecem não fazer grande coisa (de acordo com este estudo):
http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/808096/heart-attack-symptoms-statins

Citação:
"Statins, medication which helps to reduce cholesterol, are being increasingly prescribed to older patients to prevent premature death.

However, now experts have said the is a lack of evidence this actually benefits the patients.

A new study published today has revealed the drugs might not extend lifespan in adults with healthy hearts.

Researchers based in New York City have analysed data from more than 2,500 adults who participated in a previous trial around hypertension and treatment to prevent heart attacks, which finished in 2002."

Qualidade do ar e impacto no sono estudados

http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/807548/insomnia-sleepless-cant-sleep-cause-air-pollution

Citando:
"People living in areas with raised nitrogen dioxide were found to be up to 60% more likely to suffer from sleep deprivation than those living in areas with lower pollution levels.

The study, involving 1,863 people, suggests the impact of air pollution on the respiratory and central nervous system ultimately has an effect on how well people sleep.

Martha Billings, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington and the study's lead author, said: "Prior studies have shown that air pollution impacts heart health and affects breathing and lung function, but less is known about whether air pollution affects sleep.""

Estudo relaciona solidão com qualidade de sono (em jovens)?

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317563.php

Citando:
"Money worries, stress, and drinking too much coffee - these are just some of the factors that can cause us to have a bad night's sleep. Now, a new study suggests that, for young adults, loneliness can be added to the list.

Researchers from King's College London in the United Kingdom have found that young adults who reported feeling lonely were more likely to experience poor sleep quality, daytime tiredness, and poor concentration than their non-lonely counterparts."

Gatos podem levar a cancro da próstata?

1/3 dos gatos no RU são portadores de um parasita (toxoplasma gondii) que se infectar os donos leva a inflamação crónica que facilita o aparecimento de cancro da próstata:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4526256/Cats-cause-prostate-cancer-men-spreading-parasite.html

Citando:
"A parasite spread by cats could be a factor in causing prostate cancer in men
Scientists found microscopic bug Toxoplasma gondii can trigger inflammation
Chronic inflammation is known to double the risk of developing the cancer
The parasite is carried by cats, is shed in their faeces therefore can spread easily
(...)
Humans can then be infected by drinking contaminated water, eating unwashed vegetables or handling cat litter trays.

More than 46,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year in the UK.

Dr Travis Jerde, a professor of toxicology at Indiana University and one of the study authors, said: ‘No one should be getting rid of their cat because of this study, but precautions should be taken when working or playing in areas where cats may have gone to the bathroom – like a garden or sandbox.’"

Perda de peso associada a quando se come...

... Não apenas ao que se come:
http://fox6now.com/2017/05/19/weight-loss-can-be-tied-to-when-not-just-what-you-eat/

Citando:
"“What we have seen is that people on diets with the same number of calories who front-load calories to the earlier part of the day fare better in terms of subjective and objective measures of satiety,” Freuman said. “They feel more satiated in evening, and there are actually differences in their hunger and satiety hormones … and this seems to contribute to weight loss success.”"

Teste reduz em um terço probabilidade de ter cancro do intestino (NHS)

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/22/new-screening-test-cuts-bowel-cancer-risk-study

Citando:
"A one-off screening test being introduced across the NHS cuts the risk of developing bowel cancer by a third, a long-term study has found.

The test, which is being rolled out across England, will invite men and women to have bowel scope screening around the time of their 55th birthday.

This is in addition to the current test from the age of 60, the faecal occult blood test (FOB), which is posted to people’s homes.

FOB detects blood hidden in small samples of faeces, with further tests recommended if blood is detected."

O exercício torna-nos mais jovens ao nível celular (DNA, Telómeros)

DNA Aging: Exercise Makes You Younger at the Cellular Level | Time.com

Citando:
"The more exercise people get, the less their cells appear to age. In a new study in Preventive Medicine, people who exercised the most had biological aging markers that appeared nine years younger than those who were sedentary.

Researchers looked at the telomeres from nearly 6,000 adults enrolled in a multi-year survey run by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People were asked what physical activities they had done in the past month and how vigorously they did them. They also provided DNA samples, from which the researchers measured telomere length. Telomeres, the protein caps on the ends of human chromosomes, are markers of aging and overall health. Every time a cell replicates, a tiny bit of telomere is lost, so they get shorter with age. But they shrink faster in some people than in others, explains study author Larry Tucker, professor of exercise science at Brigham Young University.

“We know that, in general, people with shorter telomeres die sooner and are more likely to develop many of our chronic diseases,” says Tucker. “It's not perfect, but it's a very good index of biological aging.”"

Gene associado a distúrbios do cólon

https://stv.tv/news/east-central/1388531-scientists-find-key-gene-in-incurable-bowel-disorders/


Citando:
"The gene, known as MDR1, governs an important extractor system for toxins in the gut, removing damaging substances from intestinal cells, scientists said.
A research team, led by the University of Edinburgh, showed that MDR1 function was lower in people with inflamed IBD compared with those without inflammation.


Experts then showed that mice without MDR1 had faulty mitochondria, parts of the cell known as "batteries", which play a vital role in energy generation and cell health.
This mitochondrial dysfunction then resulted in colitis, inflammation of the inner lining of the bowel - a defining feature of IBD."

Vinho e atraso nas doenças neurodegenerativas

https://uk.news.yahoo.com/exactly-wine-good-brain-scientists-173603780.html

Citando:
"They say past studies have shown that low-to-moderate intake of wine can delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s but wanted to investigate the reasons behind it.

So instead of examining wine directly, they looked at metabolites – the compounds that are left after the wine has passed through the gut.

The scientists then added these metabolites (extracted from waste samples from regular and moderate wine drinkers) to human cells under stress conditions resembling the initial stages of some neurodegenerative disorders.

In their experiment, they found that these metabolites were actually protecting the cells from dying.

According to the study, different intestinal flora – the microorganisms in your digestive tract – created different metabolites.

So basically, the gut bacteria influenced whether or not wine broke down into these protective compounds, suggesting that drinking a glass of pinot noir does not guarantee you will reap neurological benefits.

“Differences in our gut microbiota are leading to the different metabolites – which underpins the idea that humans benefit from food in different ways,” Dr Adelaida Esteban-Fernandez said."

Como ganhar força em qualquer idade

A partir dos 18, the only way is down, como é sabido. Bem-vindo ao clube. Mas há exercícios para todas as idades para de alguma forma compensar a perda "programada" de massa muscular e força.

Algumas ideias para ganhar força em todas as idades:

How to build strength at any age


Ages 35-60

(...) this is the period when you are most likely to put on weight, as your metabolism slows, and your job becomes more sedentary.

"Start with some fast-walking, 20-30 minutes twice-three times per week to get some fitness. Progress to a gym membership and consider hiring a personal trainer to get you back into doing the right exercises for you. Spin classes, Zumba, and veterans sports are all good at this age for strengthening the body. Be aware of early onset arthritis. Gentle exercise will help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength, helping to minimise the onset of joint stiffness and osteoarthritis."

Ages 60+

Exercising when you're over 60 is tougher, as the muscles will start to atrophy (waste away) if you don't use them. (...).

"One of the easiest ways to strengthen the legs is to balance. Stand on one leg for two minutes, and use a wall or table for support. Repeat twice each side and do this once per day. If you can comfortably perform this exercise, try doing it with your eyes shut for 2 minutes holding on to a wall for support. Balancing is fantastic to build strength in the thighs, buttocks, calves and also helps core strength. Strengthening exercises such as body weight exercises and resistance exercises are a great way to improve bone density, and muscle strength. This has two benefits when it comes to falling. First having strong muscles will help prevent falls. Second, having strong bones will help prevent a fracture if you were to have a fall."

The most common fracture sites are the wrist, hip and spine, all of which are very common in the elderly. Indeed, it's thought that roughly one in three over 65s suffer a fall each year - previously estimated to cost the NHS £4.6 million a day. With this in mind, prevention is key."
(...)

2. Strength train

Don't be afraid to strength train. Strength training can involve body weight exercises to start with. It might be as simple as a press-up against a wall, or a sit-down squat on a chair. As you progress, body weight exercises can become more challenging like performing a kneeling press-up, or a plank, and you don't even need a gym."

O que comer o que não comer (cancro)

Q&A relembrando algumas coisas e falando de alguns mitos e estudos relacionados (sem ligação para os estudos):
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4464402/What-eat-avoid-beat-cancer.html

Exercício físico em jejum melhor para perder peso?

Com as devidas ressalvas (ver citação) o exercício parece ser mais benéfico (para perder peso) é o realizado de estômago vazio:

Why exercise might be more beneficial on an empty stomach

Citação:

"The scientists took blood samples after fasting and the high carb breakfast and then after exercise. They also took adipose (fat) tissue samples immediately before and one hour after the walking exercise.

They discovered that the expression of two genes (PDK4 and HSL) significantly increased when the men fasted – but decreased when the men ate a high-calorie breakfast before they exercised. The increase in these genes suggested that fat was used to fuel the exercise, instead of the food consumed at breakfast.

Dylan Thompson, corresponding author of the study explained that this fat tissue often faces competing challenges. After consuming food it is busy responding to the meal and "and a bout of exercise at this time will not stimulate the same [beneficial] changes in adipose tissue. This means that exercise in a fasted state might provoke more favorable changes in adipose tissue, and this could be beneficial for health in the long term."

Although the study supports previous research, it is worthwhile noting the study sample was small and only looked at overweight men."

Freshbox (Worten): Uma maneira de conservar melhor os alimentos?

Já a Tupperware apregoava melhorias na conservação (válidas, se houver uma barreira, o Tupperware, os microorganismos que andam no ar - nas partículas de pó - não contactam com os alimentos). Agora se lhes juntarmos um bocadinho de vácuo (a pressão negativa atmosférica deve prejudicar o desenvolvimento dos microorganismos)...

https://youtu.be/uPpo82Wr2BI

À venda em PT...

Ai as estatinas outra vez (desta vez sim, dizem eles)!

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/statins-side-effects-thousands-dying-heart-attacks-stroke-lancet-peter-sever-nocebo-effect-a7714796.html

Citação:
"A major new study into the side effects of the cholesterol-lowering medicine suggests common symptoms such as muscle pain and weakness are not caused by the drugs themselves.

The study, which involved around 10,000 patients at risk of heart and artery disease, highlighted a psychosomatic response where the expectation of a bad outcome led to reports of physical symptoms."
(...)
"What our study shows is that it’s precisely the expectation of harm that is likely causing the increase in muscle pain and weakness, rather than the drugs themselves causing them.”

Professor Sever, from Imperial College London, said “tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands” of people are dying because they are choosing not to take statins for fear of side-effects that do not exist.

Statins, prescribed to help reduce the risk of potentially deadly cardiovascular disease, are the most-prescribed drug in the UK, taken by around six million people every day."

Dieta sem glúten com impacto na saúde (para não celíacos, redução cereais integrais)?

http://m.huffpost.com/uk/entry/uk_5909894be4b02655f8422625

Citando:
"A team of researchers said people who follow a gluten-free diet may be putting their health at risk because they are not eating whole grains, which are known to reduce the risk of heart disease.

They said their message is for people who do not suffer from coeliac disease - a common digestive condition where the small intestine becomes inflamed and unable to absorb nutrients due to an adverse reaction to gluten."

(...)
"The results showed that, over a 26-year follow-up, no significant association was found between gluten intake and the risk of heart disease.

But the researchers said analysis showed that restricting gluten may lead to a lower intake of whole grains."

Contar calorias equivale a jejuar (para controlo peso)?

http://www.thehealthsite.com/news/weight-loss-methods-alternate-day-fasting-or-counting-daily-calories-which-is-more-effective-ag0517/

Citando:
"A new obesity study suggests either approach can be effective for weight loss. Intermittent or alternate-day fasting requires routinely alternating between eating little or no food and then feasting in your daily diet. It has become a growing weight loss trend in the US, the UK and other regions around the world. The small study, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, suggests that there is no significant difference"

Bastante cerveja melhor que Paracetamol (supressão dor)?

Super "engraçado" o título (num contexto que é o do Reino Unido):

"Two pints of beer could provide better pain relief than paracetamol, study shows - This is NOT an excuse to drink more":

http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/healthy-living/wellbeing/news/a28102/beer-better-than-paracetamol-pain-relief/

Citando: 

"(...) elevating blood alcohol content to roughly 0.08% gives the body a "small elevation of pain threshold," which works to reduce pain intensity. The report reads: "Findings suggest that alcohol is an effective analgesic that delivers clinically-relevant reductions in ratings of pain intensity, which could explain alcohol misuse in those with persistent pain, despite its potential consequences for long-term health."

It was concluded that as little as two pints of beer could cut perceived discomfort by a quarter."

Claro que isto não é um incentivo a beber mais, mas será usado como pista para desenvolvimento de medicamentos que, sem os efeitos secundários do álcool, tragam iguais benefícios (no campo da supressão da dor).

Paracetamol vs. Ibuprofeno

E sobre o uso de Paracetamol vs. Ibuprofeno - citação:
""Paracetamol can be used safely for most types of pain, however if there is inflammation than using a non-steroid anti-flammatory painkiller such as ibuprofen is a better option. The standard adult dose of paracetamol is two 500mg tablets to be taken up to four times a day. If you are taking paracetamol regularly at this dose and not getting enough pain relief you should see your GP, who may recommend a strong painkiller for you.""

Genoma do chá descodificado

15 anos depois do genoma da primeira planta ter sido descodificado, chegou a vez da planta do chá:
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-39747720

Citação:
"A team in China has decoded the genetic building blocks of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis, whose leaves are used for all types of tea, including black, green and oolong.

The research gives an insight into the chemicals that give tea its flavour.

Until now, little has been known about the genetics of the plant, despite its huge economic and cultural importance.
(...)
Decoding the genome of the tea plant took more than five years. At three billion DNA base pairs in length, the tea plant genome is more than four times the size of the coffee plant genome and much larger than most sequenced plant species."

Qual o melhor exercício à medida que vamos envelhecendo?

Qual o melhor exercício para músculos envelhecidos?

R: Treino intercalado (vs. Levantamento ou corrida normal).

https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/03/23/well/move/the-best-exercise-for-aging-muscles.html

Citando:
"There were some unsurprising differences: The gains in muscle mass and strength were greater for those who exercised only with weights, while interval training had the strongest influence on endurance.

But more unexpected results were found in the biopsied muscle cells. Among the younger subjects who went through interval training, the activity levels had changed in 274 genes, compared with 170 genes for those who exercised more moderately and 74 for the weight lifters. Among the older cohort, almost 400 genes were working differently now, compared with 33 for the weight lifters and only 19 for the moderate exercisers.

Many of these affected genes, especially in the cells of the interval trainers, are believed to influence the ability of mitochondria to produce energy for muscle cells; the subjects who did the interval workouts showed increases in the number and health of their mitochondria — an impact that was particularly pronounced among the older cyclists."

Histórico: 2017-05-02, alterado o título, lig. refraseado, mais tags.