Dependência álcool ADN?

Gostar mais (que leva a maior consumo e eventualmente dependência) e ADN? Parece que sim:
https://www.metropoles.com/saude/bebe-demais-gostar-de-alcool-pode-estar-no-seus-genes

Citando:
"Entre essas variações, dois genes são específicos para regular a relação com a bebida: um deles participa do sistema de prazer e recompensa, enquanto o outro torna o álcool e os alimentos açucarados mais agradáveis ao paladar.

Um terceiro gene –  o ADH1B – regula o metabolismo do álcool pelo corpo: pessoas com pouca expressão dele demoram mais para sentir os efeitos da bebida e não se sentem nauseados rapidamente, podendo consumir maiores quantidades."

Noctívagos e genes?

https://radioregional.pt/e-noctivago-a-existe-explicacao-cientifica/

Citando:
" 2017, um estudo mostrou que as pessoas que ficam acordadas até tarde e tem dificuldades para acordar cedo na verdade não são preguiçosas. O que acontece é que o relógio interno dela é geneticamente programado para funcionar entre duas e duas horas e meia mais lento que o resto das pessoas. Isso por causa de uma mutação em um gene do relógio biológico chamado CRY1.

Segundo o estudo: “os portadores da mutação têm dias mais longos do que o planeta lhes dá, então eles estão essencialmente tentando alcançar toda a sua vida“, disse a especialista Alina Patke, da Universidade Rockefeller, em Nova York.

Essas pessoas não são aquelas que se forçam a dormir mais tarde vendo um filme ou mexendo no celular. Os verdadeiros noctívagos são pessoas que mesmo sem nenhum artifício dormirão mais tarde e acordarão tarde.

Essas pessoas, geralmente, são diagnosticadas em clínicas do sono como tendo atraso na fase do sono (DSPD). ( ...)
A equipe fez seu estudo com 36 famílias turcas. Dos participantes 39 tinham DSPD e tinham a mutação e 31 não. Os portadores tiveram atrasos no início do sono e alguns tinham padrões de sono irregulares.

Para os que não tinham a mutação, o ponto médio do sono foi às quatro da manhã. Para os com o gene foi entre seis e oito da manhã. Isso sugere que o relógio biológico foi empurrado pelo menos duas horas.(...) 

Segredos da longevidade

https://zap.aeiou.pt/revelado-elixir-juventude-ilha-245138

Citando:
"Segundo novas descobertas, uma dieta com pouca proteína e muito hidrato de carbono dispara várias respostas fisiológicas que nos protegem de várias doenças ligadas ao envelhecimento, incluindo cancro, doenças cardiovasculares e Alzheimer. E é possível que a proporção de Okinawa atinja o melhor equilíbrio para alcançar esses efeitos.

(...)

Em vez de sofrer uma morte prolongada, os centenários de Okinawa parecem atrasar muitos dos efeitos normais do envelhecimento, com quase dois terços das pessoas a viver de maneira independente até os 97 anos.

A impressionante longevidade saudável ficou evidente ao avaliar várias doenças relacionadas à idade. O típico centenário de Okinawa parece estar livre dos sinais típicos de doenças cardiovasculares, sem construir as placas calcificadas em redor das artérias que podem levar à falência do coração. Os residentes mais velhos também apresentam taxas mais baixas de cancro, diabetes e demência do que outras populações.

A sorte na questão genética pode ser um fator importante. (...). Estudos preliminares sugerem que isto pode incluir uma prevalência reduzida de uma variável genética– APOE4 – que parece aumentar o risco de doenças cardíacas e Alzheimer.

Eles também podem ter uma tendência maior de carregar uma variável protetora do gene FOXO3, envolvido na regulação do metabolismo e do crescimento celular. Isto resulta numa estatura mais baixa, mas também parece reduzir o risco de várias doenças relacionadas à idade, incluindo cancro."

Casamento e... Genes?

https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-your-genes-may-impact-your-marriage-2019-02-08

Citando:
"the OXTR gene has been linked with physiological responses to social support and traits believed to be critical to support processes, like empathy. Considered alongside findings that the quality of social support is a major determinant of overall marital quality, the evidence implied that variations on the OXTR gene could be tethered to later marital quality by influencing how partners support each other. To test this hypothesis, I pulled together a multidisciplinary team of scientists including psychologists with additional expertise in marital research, a geneticist and a neuroendocrinologist specializing in oxytocin."

Estudo sobre genes e sono

https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/8306330/depression-schizophrenia-risk-increase-night-owl/

Citando:
"They identified 351 genetic variations linked to being a “morning lark” or “night owl”.

Those with the most “night” variations were programmed to wake up to 25 minutes later.

And they were more likely to suffer frommental health issues.

But the boffins found no link between these genetic variations, sleep duration and sleep quality.

They also made no difference to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes or obesity.

Eye opening

It is thought the genes affect the effectiveness of the retina, which reacts to sunlight and “resets” the body clock each day."

Longevidade e ADN

https://www.noticiasaominuto.com.br/tech/835650/cientistas-criam-teste-de-dna-capaz-de-prever-quando-se-vai-morrer

Citando:
"Os acadêmicos concluíram que as áreas de DNA com maior impacto na longevidade eram aquelas que haviam sido previamente associadas à incidência de doenças fatais, incluindo patologias cardíacas e condições relacionadas com o consumo de tabaco.

Peter Joshi, um dos coordenadores do estudo, disse em declarações ao The Telegraph: "Se tivermos em consideração 100 pessoas no momento do seu nascimento, ou mais tarde, e usarmos a nossa longevidade para os dividirmos em 10 grupos, o grupo de topo irá viver em média cinco anos a mais do que o inferior”."

Cancros provocados por desordem Genética?

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/iron-blood-liver-cancer-old-age-gp-diagnosis-haemochromatosis-arthritis-missed-celtic-curse-bmj-a8731186.html

Citando:
"A “stealth disease” which causes iron to build up to toxic levels may be responsible for thousands of cancers and disabling joint problems written off as part of ageing, a British study has found.

Hereditary haemochromatosis is one of the most common genetic disorders among people of European descent but it had previously only been thought to harm around 1 per cent of people carrying the mutation."

A doença dos boxeurs e... Os genes?

https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/03/health/genetic-cte-severity-study/index.html

Citando:
"Scientists have zeroed in our genetic code to better determine why some people develop chronic traumatic encephalopathy [CTE], the Alzheimer's-like disease associated with repeated hits to the head. In a new study, researchers at Boston University's CTE Center say that a variant of the gene TMEM106B may influence why some people experience more severe forms of the disease than others."

Serviço Nacional de Saúde do RU e medicina de precisão

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/03/nhs-routine-dna-tests-precision-cancer-tumour-screening

Citando:
"People in England will have access to DNA tests on an unprecedented scale from the autumn when the NHS becomes the first health service in the world to routinely offer genomic medicine.

From 1 October, hospitals across England will be connected to specialist centres that read, analyse and interpret patient DNA to help diagnose rare diseases, match patients to the most effective treatments, and reduce adverse drug reactions.

The move marks a big step towards “precision medicine”, which offers more efficient therapies that are tailored to individual patients.

Under the service, new cancer patients will routinely have their tumour DNA screened for key mutations that can point doctors towards the best drug to use in treatment, or to clinical trials of experimental therapies that patients are likely to benefit from."

63 mutações associadas a Cancro da Próstata

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-5830677/amp/Prostate-cancer-breakthrough-DNA-test-identifies-men-likely-develop-disease.html

ADN e perda de peso?

Não:
http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-diet-dna-20180220-story.html

Citando:
"Trying to lose weight? Researchers have some good news: You can chose either a low-fat or low-carb diet. As long as you stick with it, you can slim down no matter what your genetic make-up or metabolic particulars.

And here's an added bonus: You won't even have to count your calories."

Mindfulness e meditação alteram positivamente o ADN?

Alterações no ADN e impacto na inflamação?
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2137595-mindfulness-and-meditation-dampen-down-inflammation-genes/

O exercício torna-nos mais jovens ao nível celular (DNA, Telómeros)

DNA Aging: Exercise Makes You Younger at the Cellular Level | Time.com

Citando:
"The more exercise people get, the less their cells appear to age. In a new study in Preventive Medicine, people who exercised the most had biological aging markers that appeared nine years younger than those who were sedentary.

Researchers looked at the telomeres from nearly 6,000 adults enrolled in a multi-year survey run by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People were asked what physical activities they had done in the past month and how vigorously they did them. They also provided DNA samples, from which the researchers measured telomere length. Telomeres, the protein caps on the ends of human chromosomes, are markers of aging and overall health. Every time a cell replicates, a tiny bit of telomere is lost, so they get shorter with age. But they shrink faster in some people than in others, explains study author Larry Tucker, professor of exercise science at Brigham Young University.

“We know that, in general, people with shorter telomeres die sooner and are more likely to develop many of our chronic diseases,” says Tucker. “It's not perfect, but it's a very good index of biological aging.”"

Estudo de Glioma identifica mais mutações associadas a Glioma

http://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/brain-cancer-cure-hopes-breakthrough-10110854

Citação:
"The international study - the biggest genetic investigation of brain cancer ever conducted - analysed DNA data from more than 30,000 participants with and without glioma.

Results from two new genome-wide studies looking at a person’s entire genetic code were combined with findings from six previous studies.

Of the 13 previously unknown genetic changes linked to glioma, one increased the risk of developing the disease by a third and the rest by at least 15% each.

The mutations affected nerve cell multiplication, DNA repair, protein production, inflammation, and the “cell cycle” - the series of events leading to cell division."

E agora as vitaminas anti-envelhecimento

... estas a 6 meses apenas do início dos ensaios clínicos:
http://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/now-this-new-vitamin-may-help-reverse-ageing-process/articleshow/57823232.cms
Citando:
"Treating mice with a NAD+ precursor, or "booster", called NMN improved their cells' ability to repair DNA damage caused by radiation exposure or old age."

Gene associado a desordens ao nível do colesterol

... que se não forem tratadas (com estatinas desde cedo) podem levar a morte prematura:
http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/15106022.Gene_puts_thousands_at_risk_of_early_heart_attack_death/

Citando:
"The British Heart Foundation is calling for improved screening to pinpoint those affected by the inherited condition, known as familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), after new estimates indicated the genetic defect is more common in Scottish children than type one diabetes and is likely to affect around 21,000 people in Scotland."
(...)
"FH causes abnormally high levels of cholesterol in a person’s blood, meaning that otherwise healthy individuals are at a much greater risk of having a heart attack at a young age.

Without treatment, people with FH can die prematurely in their 20s, 30s or 40s. Each child of a parent who has FH has a 50 per cent chance of inheriting the condition.

Early treatment with statins can bring a carrier’s life expectancy back to that of someone without the condition. However, the BHF warns that people are needlessly dying because most people are not diagnosed and treated for the condition, despite one of the faulty genes responsible for the majority of FH cases first being discovered 30 years ago."

287 mutações em cerca de 100 genes (herdados da mãe) associadas a calvície severa

Mais sobre a calvície, e como para a altura, a coisa é mais complicada que parece:
http://www.livescience.com/57887-baldness-genetic-markers.html

Citando:
"The researchers then analyzed participants' genomes, looking for genetic variations, known as single-nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, that were linked with severe hair loss. That search revealed 287 genetic variations, located on more than 100 genes, that were linked with severe hair loss.

Many of the genetic variations were located on or near genes that have previously been linked with hair growth, hair graying or the biological structures involved in making hair, the researchers said.

Forty of the genetic variations were located on the X chromosome, which men inherit from their mothers, the researchers said. One of the genes on the X chromosome — the gene for the androgen receptor, which binds to the hormone testosterone — was strongly linked with severe hair loss. Previous studies have also pinpointed this gene as tied to male pattern baldness.

The researchers then created a formula, which resulted in a genetic "risk score," to try to predict the chances of severe hair loss in the men."

Mais de 700 genes podem estar envolvidos na definição da altura

http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/01/512859830/which-genes-make-you-taller-a-whole-lot-it-turns-out
Citando:
"When scientists first read out the human genome 15 years ago, there were high hopes that we'd soon understand how traits like height are inherited. It hasn't been easy. A huge effort to find height-related genes so far only explains a fraction of this trait.
Now scientists say they've made some more headway. And the effort is not just useful for understanding how genes determine height, but how they're involved in driving many other human traits."

Demência e efeito protector do exercício físico

Efeito protector do exercício físico mesmo quando há predisposição genética:
http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/us_588fb5d5e4b02772c4e88c56


Citando:
"The study found that older adults who reported being sedentary most of the time were just as likely to develop dementia as people who are genetically predisposed to cognitive problems. (...)

And that’s significant, considering the gene that predisposes an individual to developing dementia makes you three to four times more likely to be diagnosed with a problem like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease or Lewy body disease.

“The important message here is that being inactive may completely negate the protective effects of a healthy set of genes,” co-author of the study Jennifer Heisz, assistant professor in the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University, told The Huffington Post.

And remember, the majority of individuals do not carry the genetic risk for dementia in the first place, she added.

The upside to the research is that it suggests even a little bit of regular exercise could go a long way in terms of helping prevent cognitive problems for a lot of people, Heisz said.


Walking just three times a week was linked to big benefits
For the study, 1,646 adults 65 or older had their blood analyzed for the presence of the apolipoprotein E allele, the gene known to be most strongly associated with dementia. No one in the study had dementia or any cognitive impairment at the start of the study.

Follow-up data collected five years after the study began showed that 331 individuals had subsequently been diagnosed with some form of dementia. The researchers also collected survey responses about whether those in the study exercised regularly.

Unsurprisingly, the data showed the odds of developing dementia over the course of the study were two times greater in individuals with the dementia allele than for those without the allele. And the data also showed that the individuals who reported not exercising regularly similarly had nearly twice the odds of developing dementia compared with the individuals without the dementia allele.


“You don’t have to train like an Olympian to get the brain health benefits of being physically active.
The people in the study who indicated they exercised regularly were asked two follow-up questions about their exercise habits. A majority of the study participants said walking was their primary exercise and that they did it approximately three times per week.

It’s important to point out a fairly minimal amount of exercise was found to have a big effect when it comes to dementia risk, Heisz noted. “You don’t have to train like an Olympian to get the brain health benefits of being physically active,” she said.


Experts still have questions about what type of exercise is best
This study is still epidemiological data, Heisz noted ― which means it shows a link between sedentary behavior and dementia risk, but doesn’t necessarily explain how one leads to the other.

But taken with previous research that has linked physical activity is to lower dementia risk, the results are fairly convincing, she added. This study included a large number of individuals, it followed those individuals for five years and it controlled for other dementia risk factors, including age, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, high blood pressure, depression and smoking.

More studies are needed to identify what types of exercise provide the most benefit in terms of preventing dementia, she said ― as well as to determine the exact mechanisms in the brain that make physical activity protective when it comes to cognitive decline.

“If a physician were to ask us today what type of exercise to prescribe for a patient to reduce the risk of dementia, the honest answer is ‘we really don’t know,’” another study co-author, Barbara Fenesi, a postdoctoral fellow at McMaster, noted in a press release.

The group is conducting another study comparing different types of exercise ― including high-intensity training and moderate continuous training ― to start to answer some of those questions.

The important message here is that some physical activity does appear to be beneficial ― and being sedentary appears to increase dementia risk, Heisz said.

Watch the video below to hear more about what neurologists have to say about how even a small amount of exercise can do a lot in terms of preventing memory loss.




This reporting is brought to you by HuffPost’s health and science platform, The Scope. Like us on Facebook and Twitter and tell us your story: scopestories@huffingtonpost.com. 




Sarah DiGiulio is The Huffington Post’s sleep reporter. You can contact her at sarah.digiulio@huffingtonpost.com.




  
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"The upside to the research is that it suggests even a little bit of regular exercise could go a long way in terms of helping prevent cognitive problems for a lot of people, Heisz said.


Walking just three times a week was linked to big benefits
For the study, 1,646 adults 65 or older had their blood analyzed for the presence of the apolipoprotein E allele, the gene known to be most strongly associated with dementia. No one in the study had dementia or any cognitive impairment at the start of the study."
(...)
"More studies are needed to identify what types of exercise provide the most benefit in terms of preventing dementia, she said ― as well as to determine the exact mechanisms in the brain that make physical activity protective when it comes to cognitive decline. "

Mais sobre o exercício retardar o envelhecimento (e os telómeros)

http://www.ibtimes.com/how-look-younger-active-lifestyle-exercise-slows-aging-process-older-women-health-2478928
Citando:
"This study, which was published in the American Association for the Advancement of Science's journal, was able to identify the specific molecule, called NRF1, responsible for maintaining telomeres. Exercise, spending 45 minutes on a stationary bicycle in this case, reportedly boosted the levels of NRF1 and kept the cells "younger."

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"Think about NRF1 like varnish on nails,” Decottignies told TIME Magazine. “You cannot change the nail, but you can change the varnish again and again. What you’re doing is refreshing and replacing the old section with new protective molecules at the telomeres.”"