Rejuvenescimentos II?

Os comprimidos para pessoas activas podem prejudicar o efeito do exercício físico, e como tal não prevenir o envelhecimento:
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/well/move/an-anti-aging-pill-think-twice.html

Citando:
"according to a new report. The drug, metformin, can blunt certain physical changes from exercise that normally help people to age well.

The results raise questions about the relationship of pills and physical activity in healthy aging and also whether we know enough about how drugs and exercise interact. The results are particularly disconcerting given that healthy, active people may be considering taking the drug to slow aging.

Metformin currently is the most-prescribed medication globally for people with Type 2 diabetes. It allows people with Type 2 diabetes to improve their blood-sugar control and insulin sensitivity, in large part by reducing the amount of sugar released by the liver into the blood. In people with diabetes, the benefits can clearly outweigh the risks.

But in recent years, scientists, physicians and plenty of other people entering middle age have become intrigued by the idea that it might also change how healthy people age. Worms and rodents given metformin typically outlive their unmedicated labmates. These animal studies suggest that the drug not only reduces blood sugar, it also reduces inflammation and produces other cellular effects that alter aging."

Idade biológica vs cronológica?

https://zap.aeiou.pt/duas-idades-diferentes-232269

Citando:
"Pessoas com uma idade biológica menor do que a idade real têm um risco de mortalidade menor, enquanto pessoas que têm idades biológicas maiores correm um maior risco de ter problemas de saúde e desenvolver doenças.

“A idade biológica é o que determina a nossa saúde e a nossa vida útil”, concluiu o especialista. Além dos riscos físicos, os investigadores descobriram que, se a idade biológica for maior do que a idade real, essa pessoa também pode ter problemas com o seu bem-estar mental."

Old man strength?

http://theconversation.com/old-man-strength-is-dad-really-stronger-62846

Citando:
"Performing regular weight training into older age also increases strength and muscle bulk. In fact, weight training in older adults has been shown to increase hormone levels to an equivalent level to that of untrained younger adults. But the fact remains that these gains will probably never reach those of a younger adult starting and performing the same training at the same time. There will almost always be a discrepancy in strength, power, coordination and muscle mass, all else being equal.*

Como ganhar força em qualquer idade

A partir dos 18, the only way is down, como é sabido. Bem-vindo ao clube. Mas há exercícios para todas as idades para de alguma forma compensar a perda "programada" de massa muscular e força.

Algumas ideias para ganhar força em todas as idades:

How to build strength at any age


Ages 35-60

(...) this is the period when you are most likely to put on weight, as your metabolism slows, and your job becomes more sedentary.

"Start with some fast-walking, 20-30 minutes twice-three times per week to get some fitness. Progress to a gym membership and consider hiring a personal trainer to get you back into doing the right exercises for you. Spin classes, Zumba, and veterans sports are all good at this age for strengthening the body. Be aware of early onset arthritis. Gentle exercise will help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength, helping to minimise the onset of joint stiffness and osteoarthritis."

Ages 60+

Exercising when you're over 60 is tougher, as the muscles will start to atrophy (waste away) if you don't use them. (...).

"One of the easiest ways to strengthen the legs is to balance. Stand on one leg for two minutes, and use a wall or table for support. Repeat twice each side and do this once per day. If you can comfortably perform this exercise, try doing it with your eyes shut for 2 minutes holding on to a wall for support. Balancing is fantastic to build strength in the thighs, buttocks, calves and also helps core strength. Strengthening exercises such as body weight exercises and resistance exercises are a great way to improve bone density, and muscle strength. This has two benefits when it comes to falling. First having strong muscles will help prevent falls. Second, having strong bones will help prevent a fracture if you were to have a fall."

The most common fracture sites are the wrist, hip and spine, all of which are very common in the elderly. Indeed, it's thought that roughly one in three over 65s suffer a fall each year - previously estimated to cost the NHS £4.6 million a day. With this in mind, prevention is key."
(...)

2. Strength train

Don't be afraid to strength train. Strength training can involve body weight exercises to start with. It might be as simple as a press-up against a wall, or a sit-down squat on a chair. As you progress, body weight exercises can become more challenging like performing a kneeling press-up, or a plank, and you don't even need a gym."

Qual o melhor exercício à medida que vamos envelhecendo?

Qual o melhor exercício para músculos envelhecidos?

R: Treino intercalado (vs. Levantamento ou corrida normal).

https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/03/23/well/move/the-best-exercise-for-aging-muscles.html

Citando:
"There were some unsurprising differences: The gains in muscle mass and strength were greater for those who exercised only with weights, while interval training had the strongest influence on endurance.

But more unexpected results were found in the biopsied muscle cells. Among the younger subjects who went through interval training, the activity levels had changed in 274 genes, compared with 170 genes for those who exercised more moderately and 74 for the weight lifters. Among the older cohort, almost 400 genes were working differently now, compared with 33 for the weight lifters and only 19 for the moderate exercisers.

Many of these affected genes, especially in the cells of the interval trainers, are believed to influence the ability of mitochondria to produce energy for muscle cells; the subjects who did the interval workouts showed increases in the number and health of their mitochondria — an impact that was particularly pronounced among the older cyclists."

Histórico: 2017-05-02, alterado o título, lig. refraseado, mais tags.

Estar o dia todo sentado acelera o envelhecimento (afecta ADN)

Artigo com métricas quantitativas interessantes relativas aos telómeros (e crítico negativamente acerca da utilidade do estudo sobre estar sentado acelerar o envelhecimento do ADN):
http://www.nhs.uk/news/2017/01January/Pages/Sitting-down-all-day-may-accelerate-DNA-ageing.aspx


Citando:
"Telomeres are measured in the small sections of nucleic acids that make up DNA, known as base pairs. 
Among women in the study who did less than about 40 minutes of physical activity a day, those who sat longest had shorter telomeres by an average 170 base pairs.
The researchers say telomeres shorten at a rate of 21 base pairs a year – using a rough "back of a fag packet" calculation, 170 equals about eight years.
Sitting time did not seem linked to telomere length for women who did at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day."

Estimulantes são absorvidos mais lentamente depois dos 50 anos

O envelhecimento afecta a capacidade de absorvermos estimulantes nas bebidas (o que significa que quanto mais velhos formos mais cuidados devemos ter com cafeínas e afins e as horas limite para as tomar - se não quisermos efeitos adversos no sono):

Stimulants in the drinks takes longer to absorb in the over-50s  | Daily Mail Online

Citando:
"Over-50s take longer to absorb stimulants in tea and coffee, scientists say;
Two coffees after lunch could leave equivalent of one cup in the system by 8pm;
Traces of caffeine in the body at nightfall can wreck the chances of drifting off"

Nova doença genética descoberta...

... E pode ter papel em doenças degenerativas (Alzheimer, Parkinson e até o envelhecimento):
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/dementia-alzheimers-parkinsons-disease-genetic-condition-ageing-a7489111.html

Rejuvenescimento por tratamento do sangue - Calico | Google

Vão começar os ensaios clínicos (por 6 meses) de um tratamento altamente experimental depois de resultados em animais mostrarem resultados muito promissores (rejenuvestimento):
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/nov/22/scientists-to-reset-blood-proteins-in-attempt-to-slow-ageing-process-calico


Citando:
"People who take part in the trial will have their blood passed through a machine that resets abnormal levels of proteins seen in older blood. The scientists believe these high levels of certain proteins can hamper the growth and maintenance of healthy body tissues, and so contribute to their deterioration in old age.

Plans for the trial emerged as scientists announced the results of the animal study, which was part-funded by Calico, Google’s life extension company. The study showed that infusions of old blood reduced the growth of fresh liver and brain cells in young mice and impaired their performance in a strength test.

The same series of experiments found evidence that infusions of young blood could speed up muscle repair in older animals."

Comprimido anti-envelhecimento?

Study finds switching off protein molecules - known as GSK-3 - could prolonge life:
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/anti-ageing-pill-that-could-see-humans-living-up-to-a-decade-longer-moves-a-step-closer-following-a6973806.html


Citando:
"We’re excited about GSK-3. It could mean that all sorts of diseases related to ageing could be prevented for the near future if it was to become a therapy starting in middle age. I think that’s an even more exciting perspective than life extension."


Comprimido está a décadas de aparecer no mercado (o estudo passará a ser feito com animais mais complexos que as moscas da fruta).

Walnuts prevents heart disease: Handful each day can reduce cholesterol | Health | Life & Style | Daily Express

Walnuts prevents heart disease: Handful each day can reduce cholesterol | Health | Life & Style | Daily Express

Estudo: Walnuts and Healthy Ageing (WAHA) study

Citando:

"Just one-and-a-half ounces of the nuts, high in polyunsaturated fats, can boost friendly bacteria in the gut which reduce inflammation and cholesterol - both of which contribute to heart disease.

They also reduce hungry and increased feeling full.

Every 28 grammes (1oz) of walnuts contains 13 grammes of polyunsaturated fat and they are the only nut with high levels of plant-based omega-3 fatty acid with 2.5 grammes per ounce serving."

Envelhecimento da pele - Estudo

http://m.extra.globo.com/noticias/saude-e-ciencia/cientistas-identificam-mecanismo-por-tras-do-envelhecimento-da-pele-18762855.html

Origens da calvície - Estudo

http://www.noticiasaominuto.com/lifestyle/538356/calvicie-um-sinal-de-envelhecimento-que-so-afeta-alguns-porque


Citando:
O ADN danificado pela idade desencadeia a destruição da proteína colagénio 17A1 o que, por sua vez, gera a transformação das células em queratinócitos, células predominantes na pele.

Teste a quão bem se está a envelhecer?

http://www.bbc.com/news/health-34153135

Citando:
"The test looks for an "ageing signature" in your body's cells by comparing the behaviour of 150 genes. It was developed by initially comparing 54,000 markers of gene activity in healthy, but largely sedentary, 25 and 65-year-olds and then whittling them down to a final 150."

Estes testes poderão ser utilizados para ajustar os cuidados de saúde à idade real (o que é muito diferente da idade calculada pela data de nascimento, muito usada pelos médicos).