Poluição atmosférica 3 meses depois?

Não, ouro 3 meses depois (porque os críticos do estudo defendem que o ouro não é representativo a poluição atmosférica):
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/air-pollution-enter-bloodstream-deadly-smoking-gun-study-edinburgh-university-gold-nanoparticles-a7702991.html

Citação:
"Tiny particles – like those produced in vast amounts by burning fossil fuels – can pass through the lungs into the bloodstream and then damage various different organs, according to a controversial new experiment.

While air pollution has been linked to heart disease and millions of premature deaths, it was previously not known whether it was possible for the smallest particles to pass from the lungs into the bloodstream.

The new research saw 14 healthy volunteers and 12 surgical patients inhale nanoparticles of gold.

Gold was detected in the blood and urine within 15 minutes to 24 hours after exposure, and was still present three months after exposure. Levels were greater following inhalation of five-nanometre particles compared to 30nm particles."

Poluição e bom colesterol?

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/air-pollution-heart-disease-heart-attack-coronary-pm25-black-carbon-a7683666.html

Citando:
"Air pollution could increase the chance of having a heart attack by lowering levels of ‘good’ cholesterol in the bloodstream, according to new research.

A study of more than 6,500 people in the US aged 45 to 84 found exposure to black carbon – a marker of traffic-related pollution – was “significantly associated” with reduced amounts of HDL cholesterol.

Higher amounts of fine particles known as PM2.5, which are produced by burning fossil fuels, were also linked to less HDL, which has a protective effect."

Estudo sobre exposição de pessoas a poluição atmosférica nos diversos meios de transporte

E há diferenças significativas na exposição das pessoas à poluição atmosférica (e consequentemente nos impactos na saúde dessas pessoas):
Bus and tube users exposed to 'up to eight times' more pollution than car users

Citando:
"A new study has revealed that although motorists produce the most pollution per commuter, being sealed inside their cars means they are the least exposed to harmful particulate matter (PM) from the outside.
Experts at the University of Surrey compared how commuters using cars, buses and the underground in different parts of London were exposed to a range of pollutants.
Figures showed that passengers on underground trains with opening windows were exposed to the worst air quality, followed by those on buses.
Above ground, bus travellers were found to be exposed to higher levels of black carbon and particles than car users.

Dr Prashant Kumar, who led the study, said: "We found that there is definitely an element of environmental injustice among those commuting in London, with those who create the most pollution having the least exposure to it."

The latest study involved commuters wearing air pollution monitors as they undertook hundreds of journeys by car, bus and tube.
They found people on the tube were exposed to 68 micrograms of PM10 - tiny particles of soot that are breathed into the lungs - compared to eight micrograms of exposure experienced by motorists.
Levels of PM2.5 fine particles, which can be more lethal as they are drawn deep into the lungs, were twice as high on buses as in cars."

Relação entre proximidade a estradas movimentadas e demência?

http://www.bbc.com/news/health-38506735


Citando:
"As many as 11% of dementia cases in people living within 50m of a major road could be down to traffic, the study suggests.
The researchers, who followed nearly 2m people in Canada over 11 years, say air pollution or noisy traffic could be contributing to the brain's decline.
UK dementia experts said the findings needed probing but were "plausible"."


2 milhões de pessoas foram seguidas por cerca de 11 anos:
"There were 243,611 cases of dementia diagnosed during that time, but the risk was greatest in those living closest to major roads.
Compared with those living 300m away from a major road the risk was:
◾7% higher within 50m
◾4% higher between 50-100m
◾2% higher between 101-200m
The analysis suggests 7-11% of dementia cases within 50m of a major road could be caused by traffic.
The researchers adjusted the data to account for other risk factors like poverty, obesity, education levels and smoking so these are unlikely to explain the link."

Fazer exercício físico em cidades poluídas pode fazer mais mal do que bem (pulmões e coração) - Estudo

Detalhes da poluição atmosférica nas cidades, como se mede e o facto de ser mau para o coração (e pulmões) fazer exercício em ambientes poluídos, principalmente para quem sofre de apneia obstrutiva do sono:
http://www.wigantoday.net/news/offbeat/exercising-in-pollution-bad-for-the-heart-1-8282773
Citando:
"They found that air pollution makes it more difficult for the blood to flow into the lungs, specifically impairing the right ventricles.


Air pollution is measured in particulate matter (PM) - coarse dust particles which get into the lungs.


In London more than 3,000 deaths a year are attributed to particulate matter in the air and earlier this week it was revealed that three of the wealthiest boroughs had the highest rates of death caused by dirty air.


Despite a World Health Organisation recommendation that air pollution levels should not exceed a particulate matter rating of 2.5 micrometers at a maximal daily mean, cities worldwide regularly exceed the rating.


It was also found that patients with obstructive sleep apnoea - where the walls of the throat narrow during sleep - are most at risk."
(...)
"No strong evidence exists on effectiveness of face masks to eliminate or reduce particle exposure."

Mais sobre a poluição, partículas no cérebro e Alzheimer

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/05/toxic-air-pollution-particles-found-in-human-brains-links-alzheimers


Citando:
"Magnetite in the brain is not something you want to have because it is particularly toxic there,” she said, because it can create reactive oxygen species called free radicals. “Oxidative cell damage is one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer’s disease and this is why the presence of magnetite is so potentially significant, because it is so bioreactive.”
Abnormal accumulation of brain metals is a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease and a recent study showed magnetite was directly associated with the damage seen in Alzheimer’s brains."

Impacto de viver perto de estradas no sono (e no ressono)

Partículas poluentes inflamam vias respiratórias (o que pode levar a ressonar). O ruído dos carros também afecta (os padrões d)o sono:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3762747/If-snore-blame-traffic-fumes-People-live-close-busy-roads-likely-suffer.html

Poluição atmosférica ligada pela primeira vez a ataques debilitantes

http://m.timesofindia.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/Now-air-pollution-linked-to-strokes/articleshow/52699544.cms
Citando:
"Findings of the study show 90.5% of the stroke burden was attributable to "modifiable factors" such as smoking, eating too much sugar and not exercising enough, as well as the associated health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease.

 Doctors say changing lifestyle and habits in developing countries is a major concern for increasing burden of non-communicable diseases.

 The study also listed air pollution as a "modifiable factor", indicating efforts by the government and people can make a difference."
(...)
"Globally, about 15 million people suffer strokes every year, of which nearly 6 million die and 5 million are left disabled including loss of vision or speech, paralysis and confusion."