Dieta e mais anos de vida?

Sim e com calculadora:

http://158.39.201.81:3838/Food/

Fonte:

https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/1565609/how-to-live-longer-add-more-plant-foods-to-diet-longevity

"The largest gains in years of life expectancy would be made by eating more legumes, more whole grains, and more nuts, less red meat and less processed meat, the researchers found.

Changing from a typical diet to the optimised diet at age 60 years could still increase life expectancy by eight years for women and 8.8 years for men, their analysis suggested."

Segredos da longevidade

https://zap.aeiou.pt/revelado-elixir-juventude-ilha-245138

Citando:
"Segundo novas descobertas, uma dieta com pouca proteína e muito hidrato de carbono dispara várias respostas fisiológicas que nos protegem de várias doenças ligadas ao envelhecimento, incluindo cancro, doenças cardiovasculares e Alzheimer. E é possível que a proporção de Okinawa atinja o melhor equilíbrio para alcançar esses efeitos.

(...)

Em vez de sofrer uma morte prolongada, os centenários de Okinawa parecem atrasar muitos dos efeitos normais do envelhecimento, com quase dois terços das pessoas a viver de maneira independente até os 97 anos.

A impressionante longevidade saudável ficou evidente ao avaliar várias doenças relacionadas à idade. O típico centenário de Okinawa parece estar livre dos sinais típicos de doenças cardiovasculares, sem construir as placas calcificadas em redor das artérias que podem levar à falência do coração. Os residentes mais velhos também apresentam taxas mais baixas de cancro, diabetes e demência do que outras populações.

A sorte na questão genética pode ser um fator importante. (...). Estudos preliminares sugerem que isto pode incluir uma prevalência reduzida de uma variável genética– APOE4 – que parece aumentar o risco de doenças cardíacas e Alzheimer.

Eles também podem ter uma tendência maior de carregar uma variável protetora do gene FOXO3, envolvido na regulação do metabolismo e do crescimento celular. Isto resulta numa estatura mais baixa, mas também parece reduzir o risco de várias doenças relacionadas à idade, incluindo cancro."

Altura, sexo e longevidade

https://www.tnh1.com.br/noticia/nid/altura-impacta-na-longevidade-diz-estudo/

Citando:
"Mulheres acima de 1,79 metro que conseguem manter o peso adequado ao longo da vida estão 31% mais propensas a viver até os 90 anos, indica estudo publicado no  Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Os resultados também indicaram que a atividade física pode interferir na expectativa de vida: exercitar-se por sessenta minutos diários aumenta a probabilidade de chegar aos 90 anos em até 21%; no entanto, passar desse tempo não traz benefícios adicionais, pelo menos para as mulheres.

No caso do sexo masculino, altura e peso não parecem influenciar na longevidade, mas o tempo de exercício físico, sim. Os pesquisadores afirmam que homens que dedicam pelo menos noventa minutos por dia a alguma atividade física estão 39% mais propensos a viver até os 90 anos. E isso não é tudo: a cada trinta minutos a mais se exercitando, há um acréscimo de 5% de chance de atingir essa idade."

Longevidade e ADN

https://www.noticiasaominuto.com.br/tech/835650/cientistas-criam-teste-de-dna-capaz-de-prever-quando-se-vai-morrer

Citando:
"Os acadêmicos concluíram que as áreas de DNA com maior impacto na longevidade eram aquelas que haviam sido previamente associadas à incidência de doenças fatais, incluindo patologias cardíacas e condições relacionadas com o consumo de tabaco.

Peter Joshi, um dos coordenadores do estudo, disse em declarações ao The Telegraph: "Se tivermos em consideração 100 pessoas no momento do seu nascimento, ou mais tarde, e usarmos a nossa longevidade para os dividirmos em 10 grupos, o grupo de topo irá viver em média cinco anos a mais do que o inferior”."

Longevidade e genes?

Nem tanto:
https://www.wired.com/story/the-key-to-a-long-life-has-little-to-do-with-good-genes/

Citando:
"It turns out that through every generation, people are much more likely to select mates with similar lifespans than random chance would predict. The phenomenon, called “assortative mating,” could be based on genetics, or sociocultural traits, or both. For example, you might choose a partner who also has curly hair, and if the curly-haired trait winds up being somehow associated with long lifespans, this would inflate estimates of lifespan heritability passed on to your kids. Same thing for non-genetic traits like wealth, education, and access to good health care. People tend to choose partners in their same income bracket with the same terminal degree, both of which are associated with living longer, healthier lives.

The first hint that something other than genetics or a shared family environment might be at work came when Ruby tried looking at in-law relatives."

Ketogenic diets e o efeito profundo no cérebro (em ratos)

https://bigthink.com/21st-century-spirituality/ketogenic-diets-promote-longevity-and-memory

A dieta numa imagem:
https://assets4.bigthink.com/system/tinymce_assets/6511/original/keto_pyramid.jpg?1505845992

Citando:
"Ketogenic diets are this year’s weight-loss silver bullet. While we should approach every diet with a healthy dose of skepticism, the more studies being conducted on ketosis—the state your body enters when producing elevated amounts of ketone bodies, which are constructed via fatty acid metabolism in your liver—the more the benefits are accruing. 

Weight loss is a continually trending topic, though such popular pastimes sometimes lead to deeper inquiry. In the case of ketogenic diets, two new studies published in Cell Metabolism show how cutting back carbohydrates and intermittent fasting not only helps with weight, but may stretch out your life while improving your memory along the way—in mice, at least. "

Passar fome regenera Pâncreas (ajudando na diabetes Tipo 2)

Parecido com o livro sobre a reversão da diabetes tipo 2, há estudos que analisam o efeito da redução calórica (jejum) no pâncreas, parecendo que ajuda à sua regeneração e normalização dos níveis de açúcar no sangue:
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-39070183

Citando:
"Experts said the findings were "potentially very exciting" as they could become a new treatment for the disease.

People are advised not to try this without medical advice.

In the experiments, mice were put on a modified form of the "fasting-mimicking diet".

It is like the human form of the diet when people spend five days on a low calorie, low protein, low carbohydrate but high unsaturated-fat diet.

It resembles a vegan diet with nuts and soups, but with around 800 to 1,100 calories a day.

Then they have 25 days eating what they want - so overall it mimics periods of feast and famine.

Previous research has suggested it can slow the pace of ageing."

O estudo:
(published in the journal Cell)
http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)30130-7

Livro "Live Long Enough to Live Forever" (e outros livros sobre longevidade)

A longevidade está relacionada com alimentação saudável, o ambiente, o teu ADN e a tua atitude.
Há livros inteiros sobre o tema, este é mais um exemplo:

• Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever by Ray Kurzweil — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists (by Ray Kurzweil, Terry Grossman) 

Citando: 

“REPROGRAMMING MY BIOCHEMISTRY A common attitude is that taking substances other than food, such as supplements and medications, should be a last resort, something one takes only to address overt problems. Terry and I believe strongly that this is a bad strategy, particularly as one approaches middle age and beyond. Our philosophy is to embrace the unique opportunity we have at this time and place to expand our longevity and human potential. In keeping with this health philosophy, I am very active in reprogramming my biochemistry. Overall, I am quite satisfied with the dozens of blood levels I routinely test. My biochemical profile has steadily improved during the years that I have done this. For boosting antioxidant levels and for general health, I take a comprehensive vitamin-and-mineral combination, alpha lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, grapeseed extract, resveratrol, bilberry extract, lycopene, silymarin (milk thistle), conjugated linoleic acid, lecithin, evening primrose oil (omega-6 essential fatty acids), n-acetyl-cysteine, ginger, garlic, l-carnitine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, and echinacea. I also take Chinese herbs prescribed by Dr. Glenn Rothfeld. For reducing insulin resistance and overcoming my type 2 diabetes, I take chromium, metformin (a powerful anti-aging medication that decreases insulin resistance and which we recommend everyone over 50 consider taking), and gymnema sylvestra. To improve LDL and HDL cholesterol levels, I take policosanol, gugulipid, plant sterols, niacin, oat bran, grapefruit powder, psyllium, lecithin, and Lipitor. To improve blood vessel health, I take arginine, trimethylglycine, and choline. To decrease blood viscosity, I take a daily baby aspirin and lumbrokinase, a natural anti-fibrinolytic agent. Although my CRP (the screening test for inflammation in the body) is very low, I reduce inflammation by taking EPA/DHA (omega-3 essential fatty acids) and curcumin. I have dramatically reduced my homocysteine level by taking folic acid, B6, and trimethylglycine (TMG), and intrinsic factor to improve methylation. I have a B12 shot once a week and take a daily B12 sublingual. Several of my intravenous therapies improve my body’s detoxification: weekly EDTA (for chelating heavy metals, a major source of aging) and monthly DMPS (to chelate mercury). I also take n-acetyl-l-carnitine orally. I take weekly intravenous vitamins and alpha lipoic acid to boost antioxidants. I do a weekly glutathione IV to boost liver health. Perhaps the most important intravenous therapy I do is a weekly phosphatidylcholine (PtC) IV, which rejuvenates all of the body’s tissues by restoring youthful cell membranes. I also take PtC orally each day, and I supplement my hormone levels with DHEA and testosterone. I take I-3-C (indole-3-carbinol), chrysin, nettle, ginger, and herbs to reduce conversion of testosterone into estrogen. I take a saw palmetto complex for prostate health. For stress management, I take l-theonine (the calming substance in green tea), beta sitosterol, phosphatidylserine, and green tea supplements, in addition to drinking 8 to 10 cups of green tea itself. At bedtime, to aid with sleep, I take GABA (a gentle, calming neuro-transmitter) and sublingual melatonin. For brain health, I take acetyl-l-carnitine, vinpocetine, phosphatidylserine, ginkgo biloba, glycerylphosphorylcholine, nextrutine, and quercetin. For eye health, I take lutein and bilberry extract. For skin health, I use an antioxidant skin cream on my face, neck, and hands each day. For digestive health, I take betaine HCL, pepsin, gentian root, peppermint, acidophilus bifodobacter, fructooligosaccharides, fish proteins, l-glutamine, and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. To inhibit the creation of advanced glycosylated end products (AGEs), a key aging process, I take n-acetyl-carnitine, carnosine, alpha lipoic acid, and quercetin. MAINTAINING A POSITIVE “HEALTH SLOPE” [is also] Most important (...).” 

Acne e longevidade?

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/09/28/acne-sufferers-live-longer--research-suggests/
Citando:
"Experts had already noted that signs of ageing such as wrinkles and thinning skin often appear much later in people who have experienced acne.
Now, scientists believe they may have discovered why.
A study of white blood cells taken from individuals affected by spots showed they had longer protective caps on the ends of their chromosomes.
Called telomeres, the caps can be compared with the plastic tips that stop shoe laces becoming frayed.
They help prevent the chromosomes, packages of DNA, deteriorating and fusing with their neighbours during cell division.
Telomeres shrink over time and are closely linked to biological ageing - people with long telomeres age more slowly than people with short ones."






The new research shows that acne sufferers tend to have significantly longer telomeres and may therefore be blessed with the gift of long-lasting youthfulness.

Porque é que os Japoneses vivem tanto tempo?

Estudo aprofunda o tema:
http://www.tvi24.iol.pt/internacional/japao/porque-e-que-os-japoneses-vivem-tanto-tempo
"(...) a dieta nipónica que aposta em alimentos ricos em fibras e vitaminas.
Em 2005, o governo japonês criou um guia alimentar recomendado para os cidadãos onde descreveu a ordem e importância que deve ser dado a cada alimento. O governo sublinha a importância da dieta rica em alguns carboidratos, como arroz e massa, legumes, frutas, peixe e carne. "


Mais detalhes no Huffington Post e no Independent (EN).