Travar progressão miopia...

https://imirante.com/namira/brasil/noticias/2019/10/19/pesquisa-mostra-como-conter-a-miopia.shtml

Como:
Colírio de atropina a 0,01 + lente ortoceratológica.

Beber e amamentar?

... É seguro para o bebé?
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/drinking-alcohol-breastfeeding-may-affect-babys-cognition-study/

Citando:
""There may be cognitive deficits in children in the ages of 6 to 7 years old if the mom consumes alcohol while breastfeeding," Dr. Elissa Rubin, medical director of Happy and Healthy Pediatrics in Mineola, New York, said. However, the effect may not be lasting. "They don't see those same results in the ages of 10 to 11" when the children were retested, said Rubin, who was not involved with the study."

Sugary cereals named and shamed by Liverpool health bosses - BBC News

Nunca é demais realçar que os cereais tem açúcar, açúcar e mais açúcar. Quanto açúcar? Muito:
Sugary cereals named and shamed by Liverpool health bosses - BBC News

Protectores solares para crianças?

Alguns protectores solares (para crianças) não protegem como deviam ou contêm produtos tóxicos:

http://www.techtimes.com/articles/208431/20170527/for-clarification-here-are-the-most-dangerous-sunscreens-for-your-kids.htm

O report:
2017 Guide to suncreens:
http://www.ewg.org/release/ewg-2017-guide-safer-more-effective-sunscreens

Citando:
"Among these sunscreens on the EWG's list, 12 were scored negatively because of three things: retinyl palmitate, oxybenzone, and an SPF level of over 50+. Five of them were placed on the list because of their spray format that do not provide a thick, even coating and potentially expose children's lungs to toxic chemicals, while two were scored negatively because apart from the questionable formulation, their labels also have a different SPF value compared to EWG's estimates.
(...)

HEALTH

Here Are The Most Dangerous Sunscreens For Your Kids

By Athena Chan | May 27, 2017 04:59 AM EDT

facebook 

twitter reddit google+ linkedin What's app  Email digg

SHARE

Infants and children are more susceptible to sun damage. Placing SPF labels and hazardous ingredients into consideration, here is the EWG's list of the most dangerous sunscreens for your kids. (Photo : Joe Raedle | Getty Images)

Though sunscreens are a staple part of protecting our skin from prolonged sun exposure, experts are wary about mislabeled products or those with toxic ingredients, as well as the health hazards that come with them. Here are the top 14 worst sunscreens according to a report.

Advertisement

2017 Guide To Sunscreens

Last May 23, the EWG released their 11^th annual guide to sunscreens. In the report, they also released information about the current sunscreens on the market. What they found was that almost three-fourths of sunscreens in the market either poorly protect the skin, or have toxic ingredients that can cause negative effects on more sensitive skin.

Along with the guide, the EWG also listed the sunscreens that are deemed as the worst scoring sunscreens for kids. The products they rated for this matter are only those that have the words "kids," "baby," "pediatric," "children," or "little" on their labels, and not those simply with images of children on their packaging.

Advertisement

Further, they emphasize that the Food and Drug Administration does not have any additional requirements or even a set of criteria that would differentiate sunscreen products that are marketed for children.

Here is the list of the EWG's worst scoring sunscreen for children:

Advertisement

• Banana Boat Kids Continuous Spray Sunscreen, SPF 100 (10)• Banana Boat Kids Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 100 (10)• Coppertone Foaming Lotion Sunscreen Kids Wacky Foam, SPF 70 (7)• Coppertone Sunscreen Continuous Spray Kids, SPF 70 (7)• Coppertone Sunscreen Lotion Kids, SPF 70 (7)• Coppertone Sunscreen Lotion Water Babies, SPF 70+ (7)

• Coppertone Sunscreen Stick Kids, SPF 55 (7)

• Coppertone Sunscreen Stick Water Babies, SPF 55 (7)

• Coppertone Sunscreen Water Babies Foaming Lotion, SPF 70 (7)

• CVS Health Children's Sunstick Sunscreen, SPF 55 (7)

Advertisement

• Equate Baby Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 70 (7)

• Neutrogena Pure & Free Baby Sunscreen, SPF 60+ (10)

• Neutrogena Wet Skin Kids Sunscreen Spray, SPF 70+ (7)

• Up & Up Kids Sunscreen Sticks, SPF 55 (7)

Among these sunscreens on the EWG's list, 12 were scored negatively because of three things: retinyl palmitate, oxybenzone, and an SPF level of over 50+. Five of them were placed on the list because of their spray format that do not provide a thick, even coating and potentially expose children's lungs to toxic chemicals, while two were scored negatively because apart from the questionable formulation, their labels also have a different SPF value compared to EWG's estimates.

The Issue With Sunscreens

The question of the effectiveness and usefulness of sunscreen products revolve around a number of factors. For one thing, the EWG stresses that higher SPF ratings do not necessarily mean a better protection factor.

In fact, they state that the term is limited to UVB ray protection which only protects the skin against sunburn. The label does not extend to UVA rays which go deeper into the skin and speed up skin aging, cause skin cancer, and suppress the immune system.

What's more, the labels claiming to have higher SPF labels are likely misleading because due to the FDA's cap on the amount of active ingredients in a product, most sunscreens have essentially the same concentration of avobenzone, which is the main ingredient that is used to protect skin from UVA rays.

Essentially, what the EWG found is that many of the sunscreens in the market today can protect the skin from sunburns, but not from skin aging and possible melanoma.

Another problem with the use of sunscreens with higher SPF ratings is that they give people a false sense of security regarding the amount of sun exposure they have, leading them to stay under the sun for longer amounts of time.

Another matter of importance is the amount of potentially harmful ingredients in sunscreens. Forty percent of sunscreens in the market this year contain oxybenzone, an active ingredient in sunscreens that can penetrate the skin and into the bloodstream where it will act like a hormone disrupter and can cause allergic reactions. Also, retinyl palmitate, a form of vitamin A, may speed up the development of skin tumors and lesions on sun-exposed skin."

Calculadora do sono para crianças

Calculadora da hora de deitar (online), desta vez para crianças:
https//www.web-blinds.com/resources/kids-sleep-calculator/

A lógica é a mesma do que para os adultos: 14/15 mins de lead time (tempo para adormecer) incluído nas contas e contas de maneira a que não se acorde a meio de ciclos do sono. Ciclos variáveis no caso das crianças: Por exemplo: 13 anos, ciclos de 60 mins; 16 anos, ciclos de 90.

Citando:
"Your child (13 years old) needs to wake at 7:45am, so they should go to bed at:

9:31pm or

10:31pm or

11:31pm

About the results:

All children’s body clocks are unique – some need 12 or more hours of sleep each night, others are content with much less.Happy mornings rely on sleeping patterns that fall in line with sleep cycles. And that’s where our sleep calculator helps.The Sleep Calculator for Kids works out the best time for your child to wake up by counting sleep cycles. Each cycle for a 13-year-old lasts around 60 minutes.Waking up mid-cycle can mean your child wakes up grumpy. So your results show wake-up times that are between cycles – that’s when you’re most likely to be greeted with a smile from your child.Most children take roughly 14 minutes to nod off (depending on the quality of the bedtime story). This time is included in your results."
(...)
"Your child (aged 16) needs to wake at 7:45am, so they should go to bed at:

10:31pm or

12:01am or

1:31am

About the results:

All children’s body clocks are unique – some need 12 or more hours of sleep each night, others are content with much less.Happy mornings rely on sleeping patterns that fall in line with sleep cycles. And that’s where our sleep calculator helps.The Sleep Calculator for Kids works out the best time for your child to wake up by counting sleep cycles. Each cycle for a 16-year-old lasts around 90 minutes.Waking up mid-cycle can mean your child wakes up grumpy. So your results show wake-up times that are between cycles – that’s when you’re most likely to be greeted with a smile from your child.Most children take roughly 14 minutes to nod off (depending on the quality of the bedtime story). This time is included in your results."

Aviso aos pais: apneia do sono afecta o cérebro das crianças

Como afecta as crianças e pode normalmente ser tratada então isso deve tornar-se uma prioridade:
http://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/parents-take-note-disturbed-sleep-can-affect-your-childs-mental-skills-behaviour/articleshow/57705243.cms

Citação:
"Obstructive sleep apnea is a common sleep disturbance which affects up to five per cent of all children. 
(...)
Further, there is also a strong connection between sleep apnea and the loss of neurons or delayed neuronal growth in the developing brain. 
(...)

For this study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, the team evaluated sleep patterns of 16 children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). 

Each child also went through neuro-cognitive testing and had his or her brain scanned with non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 

They found reductions in the volume of gray matter in multiple regions of the brains of children with disrupted sleep. 

These included the frontal cortices -- which handle movement, problem solving, memory, language, judgement and impulse control -- the prefrontal cortices -- complex behaviours, planning, personality -- parietal cortices -- integrating sensory input -- temporal lobe -- hearing and selective listening -- and the brainstem -- controlling cardiovascular and respiratory functions. "

Higiene do sono (ou falta dela) e crianças

Crianças no RU cada vez mais com problemas a dormir:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/mar/04/go-school-two-half-hours-sleep-british-children-arent-sleeping

Antibióticos em vez de remoção do apêndice (na apendicite aguda)?

Medicação poderá ser substituta da operação mais comum em crianças (no RU):
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/17/antibiotics-not-surgery-could-treat-appendicitis-in-children-study-suggests

Citando:
"Antibiotics could be an effective alternative to surgery for treating children with appendicitis, research suggests.

According to the NHS, appendicitis affects an estimated one in 13 people at some point in their life, with appendix removal the most common reason for emergency surgery in children. 

But researchers say using antibiotics alone might offer a less invasive alternative – an approach that has already had some success in adult patients."

Exercício físico melhora a saúde mental das crianças

Exercício físico melhora a saúde mental das crianças, nomeadamente os sintomas de depressão (estudo que a ser confirmado repete os resultados para adolescentes e adultos):
http://time.com/4624768/exercise-depression-kids/?xid=newsletter-brief

Evitar medicar crianças com febre moderada?

Deve evitar-se medicar crianças com febre moderada? Aparentemente, sim. 

"Parents should not give children with a mild fever regular spoonfuls of paracetamol and ibuprofen, doctors advise today":

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8351085/Parents-warned-against-giving-paracetamol-and-ibuprofen-for-mild-fever.html

Polémica em interpretar os aumentos dos números de cancros em crianças - RU

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/leading-charity-refutes-claim-cancer-in-young-people-rose-40-per-cent-a7225211.html

Pesticidas, plásticos e outras substâncias químicas que afectam crianças (desde a gravidez)

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/toxic-chemicals-poison-warning-food-plastic-air-study-a7114226.html


Citando:
"(...) pregnant women had been found to be contaminated with dozens of potentially harmful substances such as organophosphate pesticides, PBDE flame retardants and phthalates found in plastic. "
(...)
“When the [US] federal government banned some uses of OP [organo-phosphate] pesticides, manufacturers responded by expanding the use of neonicotinoid and pyrethroid pesticides,” the paper said.
“Evidence is emerging that these widely used classes of pesticides pose a threat to the developing brain.
“When the US government reached a voluntary agreement with flame retardant manufacturers to stop making PBDEs, the manufacturers substituted other halogenated and organophosphate flame retardant chemicals.
“Many of these replacement flame retardants are similar in structure to other neurotoxic chemicals but have not undergone adequate assessment of their effects on developing brains.
“When the federal government banned some phthalates in children’s products, the chemical industry responded by replacing the banned chemicals with structurally similar new phthalates. These replacements are now under investigation for disrupting the endocrine system.”

Dietas sem Glúten podem não ser as melhores para crianças saudáveis

http://www.techtimes.com/articles/158365/20160514/why-gluten-free-diets-may-not-be-best-for-healthy-kids.htm

Pais críticos e deficit de atenção?

http://www.theguardian.com/society/shortcuts/2016/feb/09/critical-parents-kids-adhd-negativity-family